Kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kuri kukwira gore negore, sezvatakatarisira, kunyange zvazvo vachiri kure nekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze. Asi isu tinogona kuramba tichitenda mune tariro mune iyi data kufanotaura - panosvika 2030, nhamba yeEVs pasi rese inotarisirwa kudarika 125 miriyoni. Gwaro iri rakaona kuti pamakambani akaongororwa pasi rose asati afunga kushandisa maBEV, 33% yakataura huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuchaja veruzhinji sechipingaidzo chikuru pakuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Kuchaja mota dzemagetsi kunogara kuchinetsa.
EV kuchaja kwakavapo kubva kune yakanyanya kusashandaLEVEL 1 majaja kuLEVEL 2 majajazvino zvakajairika mudzimba, izvo zvinotipa rusununguko rwakawanda uye chivimbo kana tichityaira. Vanhu vari kutanga kuva netarisiro yepamusoro yekuchaja EV - yakakwira ikozvino, simba rakakura, uye nekukurumidza uye yakagadzikana kuchaja. Muchikamu chino, isu tichaongorora kusimudzira uye kufambira mberi kweEV nekukurumidza kuchaja pamwechete.
Ndekupi Miganhu?
Chekutanga pane zvese, isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa chokwadi chekuti kuzadzikiswa kwekukurumidza kuchaja hakungovimbi nejaja. Dhizaini yeinjiniya yemotokari pachayo inoda kutariswa, uye huwandu uye simba remagetsi ebhatiri remagetsi zvakakosha zvakaenzana. Naizvozvo, tekinoroji yekuchaja zvakare iri pasi pekuvandudzwa kwebhatiri tekinoroji, kusanganisira bhatiri pack balancing tekinoroji, uye dambudziko rekupwanya kuburikidza ne electroplating attenuation ye lithium mabhatiri anokonzerwa nekukurumidza kuchaja. Izvi zvingada kufambira mberi musimba rese rekupa magetsi emotokari dzemagetsi, dhizaini yebhatiri, masero ebhatiri, uye kunyange bhatiri mamorekuru zvinhu.
Chechipiri, mota yeBMS system uye charger yechaja system inoda kubatirana kuti igare ichitarisisa uye kudzora tembiricha yebhatiri nechaja, voltage yekuchaja, ikozvino, uye SOC yemotokari. Ita shuwa kuti yakakwira ikozvino inogona kuiswa mubhatiri remagetsi zvakachengeteka, zvakatsiga, uye nemazvo kuitira kuti mudziyo ushande zvakachengetedzeka uye nekuvimbika pasina kupisa kwakanyanya.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti kuvandudzwa kwekuchaja nekukurumidza hakudi chete kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvekuchaja asi zvinodawo mabudiro ehunyanzvi mune tekinoroji yebhatiri uye nerutsigiro rwemagetsi grid kutapurirana uye tekinoroji yekugovera. Izvo zvakare zvinounza dambudziko rakakura kune tekinoroji yekupisa kupisa.
Rakawanda Simba, Rakawanda Razvino:Yakakura DC Inokurumidza Kuchaja Network
Kuchaja kweruzhinji nhasi kunoshandisa magetsi akakwira uye akakwira zvazvino, uye misika yeEurope neAmerica irikuchidzira kuendesa 350kw kuchaja network. Uyu mukana wakakura uye dambudziko rekuchaja vagadziri vemidziyo pasi rese. Zvinoda midziyo yekuchaja kuti ikwanise kudzima kupisa paunenge uchifambisa simba uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti murwi wekuchaja unogona kushanda zvakachengeteka uye nekuvimbika. Sezvatinoziva tese, kune hukama hwakanaka hweexponential pakati pekutapurirana kwazvino uye chizvarwa chekupisa, saka uyu muyedzo wakakura wemugadziri wekuchengetedza tekinoroji uye kugona kwekuvandudza.
Iyo DC inokurumidza kuchaja network inoda kupa akawanda kuchengetedza nzira dzekuchengetedza, dzinogona kubata nehungwaru mabhatiri emota uye majaja panguva yekuchaja kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza bhatiri nemidziyo.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwemamiriro ekushandiswa kwemajaja eruzhinji, mapulagi ekuchajisa anofanirwa kusapinda mvura, asingaputi guruva, uye anoshingirira mamiriro ekunze.
Semugadziri wemidziyo yekuchaja yepasirese ane makore anopfuura gumi nematanhatu eR&D uye ruzivo rwekugadzira, Workersbee yanga ichiongorora mafambiro uye tekinoroji yemagetsi ekuchaja tekinoroji nevanotungamira indasitiri kwemakore mazhinji. Ruzivo rwedu rwakapfuma rwekugadzira uye simba rakasimba reR&D rakatigonesa kutangisa chizvarwa chitsva cheCCS2 mvura-inotonhorera yekuchaja plugs gore rino.
Iyo inotora yakasanganiswa dhizaini dhizaini, uye iyo yemvura inotonhorera svikiro inogona kuve kutonhora kwemafuta kana kutonhora kwemvura. Pombi yemagetsi inotyaira chinotonhodza kuti chiyerere muplug yekuchaja uye ichibvisa kupisa kunokonzerwa nemhepo inopisa kuitira kuti tambo diki dzakayambuka-sectional dzenzvimbo dzikwanise kutakura mafambiro makuru uye nekugona kutonga kukwira kwetembiricha. Kubva pakatangwa chigadzirwa, mhinduro yemusika yave yakanaka uye yakarumbidzwa pamwe chete nevagadziri vemidziyo yekuchaja vanozivikanwa. Isu tichiri zvakare tichishingairira kuunganidza mhinduro dzevatengi, tichigara tichivandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa, uye tichiedza kupinza humwe hutano mumusika.
Parizvino, Tesla's Supercharger ine mhedziso yekutaura muDC inokurumidza kuchaja network mumusika wekuchaja weEV. Chizvarwa chitsva cheV4 Supercharger parizvino chinogumira ku250kW asi chicharatidza kumhanya kwepamusoro sezvo simba richiwedzerwa kusvika pa350kW - rinokwanisa kuwedzera mamaira 115 mumaminetsi mashanu chete.
Mishumo yakaburitswa nemadhipatimendi ezvekutakurwa munyika dzakawanda inoratidza kuti kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kubva kubazi rezvekutakurwa kunotora chikamu chimwe chete/china chenyika yose inobuda mumagasi egreenhouse. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete chete mota dzakareruka dzinotakura vanhu asiwo marori anorema. Decarbonizing iyo indasitiri yemarori yakatonyanya kukosha uye inonetsa pakuvandudza kwemamiriro ekunze. Pakuchaja marori emagetsi anorema, indasitiri yakaronga megawatt-level yekuchaja system. Kempower yakazivisa kuvhurwa kweyekupedzisira-inokurumidza DC yekuchaja michina inosvika 1.2 MW uye inoronga kuishandisa muUK muchikamu chekutanga cha2024.
Iyo US DOE yakambokurudzira chiyero cheXFC chekuchaja nekukurumidza, ichichidaidza kuti idambudziko rakakosha rinofanirwa kukundwa kuti uwane kutorwa kwakapararira kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Iyo yakazara seti yeakarongeka matekinoroji anosanganisira mabhatiri, mota, uye yekuchaja michina. Kuchaja kunogona kupedzwa mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu kana pasi kuitira kuti ikwanise kukwikwidza nenguva yekuwedzera mafuta yeICE.
Swap,Kupomerwa mhosva:Power Swap Station
Pamusoro pekukasira kuvakwa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja, "chinjanisa uende" zviteshi zvemagetsi zvakawanawo kutariswa kwakawanda mukukurumidza kuzadzazve simba. Mushure mezvose, zvinongotora maminetsi mashoma kupedzisa kuchinjisa bhatiri, kumhanya nebhatiri rakazara, uye recharge nekukurumidza kupfuura mota yemafuta. Izvi zvinonakidza kwazvo, uye zvinozokwezva makambani mazhinji kuti aite mari mukati.
Iyo NIO Power Swap sevhisi,yakatangwa neautomaker NIO inogona kutsiva bhatiri rakazara mumaminitsi matatu. Kutsiva kwese kunozongotarisa bhatiri uye simba system kuchengetedza mota nebhatiri zviri mune yakanyanya kunaka.
Izvi zvinonzwika sezviyedzo, uye zvinoita sekunge isu tinogona kutoona isina musono pakati pemabhatiri akaderera uye akazara-chaji mabhatiri mune ramangwana. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti kune vagadziri veEV vakawandisa pamusika, uye vazhinji vanogadzira vane akasiyana mabhatiri maratidziro uye kuita. Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semakwikwi emusika uye zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi, zvakatiomera kuti tibatanidze mabhatiri eese kana akawanda ma brand eEVs kuitira kuti saizi yavo, zvirevo, mashandiro, nezvimwewo zvinyatsoenderana uye zvinogona kuchinjika pakati peumwe neumwe. Izvi zvavewo chisungo chikuru pakugadzirisa hupfumi kwezviteshi zvemagetsi.
Mumugwagwa: Wireless Charging
Zvakafanana negwara rekusimudzira tekinoroji yekuchaja nharembozha, kushaja isina waya inzira yekusimudzira yemotokari dzemagetsi. Iyo inonyanya kushandisa electromagnetic induction uye magineti resonance kufambisa simba, kushandura simba kuita remagineti, uyezve kugamuchira uye kuchengeta simba kuburikidza nemotokari inogamuchira mudziyo. Kumhanyisa kwayo kuchaja hakuzonyanya kukurumidza, asi inogona kubhadhariswa paunenge uchityaira, izvo zvinogona kutariswa sekuderedza kusagadzikana kwehuwandu.
Electreon nguva pfupi yadarika yakavhura zviri pamutemo migwagwa ine magetsi muMichigan, USA, uye ichaedzwa zvakanyanya kutanga kwa2024. Inobvumira mota dzemagetsi dzinotyaira kana kupaka mumigwagwa kuti dzichajise mabhatiri adzo pasina kubatirwa, kutanga kiromita yemamaira kureba uye ichawedzerwa kusvika maira. Kuvandudzwa kweiyi tekinoroji kwakamisawo zvakanyanya nharembozha, asi inoda zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwezvivakwa uye huwandu hukuru hwebasa reinjiniya.
Mamwe Matambudziko
Apo mamwe maEV akazara mukati,mamwe ma network ekuchaja anotangwa, uye zvimwe zvazvino zvinoda kubuda, zvinoreva kuti pachave nechisimba chakasimba chekumanikidza pane grid yemagetsi. Ringave simba, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kana kufambiswa kwemagetsi nekugovera, tichasangana nematambudziko makuru.
Chekutanga, kubva kune yepasi rose macro maonero, kuvandudzwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza ichiri chiitiko chikuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwawo kumhanyisa hunyanzvi hwekuita uye marongerwo eV2X kuitira kuti simba rifambe zvakanaka mune zvese zvinongedzo.
Chechipiri, shandisa hungwaru hwekunyepedzera uye hombe data tekinoroji kumisikidza akangwara magridi uye kugadzirisa kuvimbika kwegidhi. Ongorora uye kunyatso gadzirisa kubhadharisa kudiwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye gwara rekuchaja nenguva. Kwete chete inogona kuderedza dambudziko rekukanganisa pane grid, asi inogonawo kuderedza magetsi emagetsi evaridzi vemotokari.
Chechitatu, kunyangwe kudzvanywa kwepolicy kunoshanda mudzidziso, mashandisirwo aanoitwa anonyanya kukosha. White House yakamboti yaizodyara $7.5B mukuvaka zviteshi zvekuchaja, asi pakange pasina kufambira mberi. Chikonzero ndechekuti zvinonetsa kuenzanisa zvinodiwa zverubatsiro mugwaro nekushanda kwezvivakwa, uye purofiti yekontrakta iri kure nekuvhurwa.
Chekupedzisira, maautomaker makuru ari kushanda pahigh-voltage super-fast charger. Kune rimwe divi, ivo vachashandisa 800V yakakwira-voltage tekinoroji, uye kune rumwe rutivi, ivo vanozosimudzira zvakanyanya bhatiri tekinoroji uye kutonhora tekinoroji kuti vawane super-kukurumidza kuchaja ye10-15 maminetsi. Indasitiri yese ichasangana nematambudziko makuru.
Yakasiyana-siyana yekuchaja matekinoroji akakodzera nguva dzakasiyana uye zvinodiwa, uye imwe neimwe nzira yekuchaja inewo zvikanganiso zviri pachena. Machaja ezvikamu zvitatu zvekuchaja kukurumidza kumba, DC inochaja kune mikoto inomhanya-mhanya, kuchaja isina waya yekutyaira, uye zviteshi zvemagetsi zvekuchinjanisa mabhatiri nekukurumidza. Sezvo tekinoroji yemotokari yemagetsi ichiramba ichikura, tekinoroji yekuchaja nekukurumidza icharamba ichivandudza uye kufambira mberi. Kana iyo 800V papuratifomu yave yakakurumbira, midziyo yekuchaja iri pamusoro pe400kw ichawanda, uye kunetseka kwedu pamusoro pehuwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi kuchabviswa zvishoma nezvishoma nemidziyo yakavimbika iyi. Workersbee inoda kushanda pamwe chete nevese maindasitiri vanobatika kuti vagadzire remangwana rakasvibira!
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2023